What could hinder India from achieving its RE targets?

Achieving 7,000 GW for net-zero emissions may be challenged.

Whilst India has the potential for over 24,000 gigawatts of renewable energy, achieving this goal will be challenging unless current obstacles are addressed. Even reaching the 7,000 gigawatts needed for net-zero emissions by 2070 will require a comprehensive approach to overcome these hurdles, according to the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW).

The report “‘Unlocking India’s RE and Green Hydrogen Potential: An Assessment of Land, Water, and Climate Nexus” by CEEW found that population density is one of the major obstacles to India's renewable energy development. Only 29% of onshore wind and 27% of solar potential are located in areas with a population density below 250 people per square kilometre, it said.

Land conflict is another challenge, with only 35% of onshore wind and 41% of solar potential located in areas without historical land disputes. Earthquakes, however, are less of a concern, with 83% of onshore wind and 77% of solar potential in low to moderate seismic zones, the council said.

The CEEW study said that Rajasthan (6,464 GW), Madhya Pradesh (2,978 GW), Maharashtra (2,409 GW) and Ladakh (625 GW) have significant low-cost solar potential. Meanwhile, Karnataka (293 GW), Gujarat (212 GW), and Maharashtra (184 GW) offer considerable wind potential.

Odisha and Madhya Pradesh are also possible major players with their high renewable energy potential backed by land banks and infrastructure to evacuate renewable power.

CEEW said green hydrogen could also be a key part of India's clean energy transition. The country is projected to produce 40 million tonnes annually at less than $3.5 per kilogram. 

Western and southern India have potential, with Gujarat leading at 8.8 million tonnes annually, followed by Karnataka and Maharashtra at 5 million tonnes each, it added.

CEEW “recommends a comprehensive approach that includes all stakeholders to ensure that India’s ambitious RE and green hydrogen targets are met sustainably and equitably.”